Chronic Sialorrhea in Pediatrics

Designed For Purity, XEOMIN Has Only The Ingredients
It Needs To Deliver Results

Designed For Purity,
XEOMIN Has Only
The Ingredients
It
Needs To Deliver
Results
Chronic Sialorrhea in Pediatrics

XEOMIN for Chronic Sialorrhea

Xeomin Is the First and Only FDA-Approved Neuromodulator
For Pediatric Patients With Chronic Sialorrhea

Chronic Sialorrhea Profile Icon 1

The most common cause of sialorrhea is a nerve and muscle condition, but it can also be caused by problems with brain signaling, muscular problems, or excessive secretion of saliva.1

Chronic Sialorrhea Profile Icon 1

Xeomin blocks certain chemicals at the point where salivary glands and nerves meet. It slows down the release of the chemicals at the nerve endings that promote saliva production.2

Images are for illustration purposes only. Individual results may vary.

What is Chronic Sialorrhea?

What is Chronic Sialorrhea in Pediatrics?
  • Sialorrhea is drooling or excessive salivation1
  • It is normal in infants, but usually stops by 15-18 months of age3
Causes4
  • Cerebral palsy (CP)
  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Epilepsy
  • Congenital abnormality of brain development, such as Down syndrome, autism, Angelman syndrome, or Rett syndrome
Symptoms1
  • Hypersalivation (excessive drooling)
  • Skin breakdown around the mouth
  • Infection from the skin breakdown
  • Dehydration or not enough fluids
  • Foul odor
445,000 children under the age of 18 are estimated to suffer from pediatric sialorrhea in the United States4,5
Impact on Daily Living6-12
Social6-9
  • Embarrassment
  • Social isolation
  • Stigmatization
Medical10,11
  • Breathing problems or clogged airways
  • Skin irritation
  • Swallowing or feeding difficulties
  • Dehydration
XEOMIN Helps Improve Chronic Sialorrhea Symptoms

In clinical studies, pediatric patients had significant and sustained reduction in saliva over 16 weeks.2

Learn More About Chronic Sialorrhea in Adults >

Chronic Sialorrhea in Pediatrics

Xeomin Is the First and Only FDA-Approved Neuromodulator
For Pediatric Patients With Chronic Sialorrhea

Chronic Sialorrhea Profile Icon 1

The most common cause of sialorrhea is a nerve and muscle condition, but it can also be caused by problems with brain signaling, muscular problems, or excessive secretion of saliva.1

Chronic Sialorrhea Profile Icon 1

Xeomin blocks certain chemicals at the point where salivary glands and nerves meet. It slows down the release of the chemicals at the nerve endings that promote saliva production.2

Images are for illustration purposes only. Individual results may vary.

XEOMIN Helps Improve Chronic Sialorrhea Symptoms

In clinical studies, pediatric patients had significant and sustained reduction in
saliva over 16 weeks.2

What is Chronic Sialorrhea in Pediatrics?

  • Sialorrhea is drooling or excessive salivation1
  • It is normal in infants, but usually stops by 15-18 months of age2
Causes3
  • Cerebral palsy (CP)
  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Epilepsy
  • Congenital abnormality of brain development, such as Down syndrome, autism, Angelman syndrome, or Rett syndrome
Symptoms1
  • Hypersalivation (excessive drooling)
  • Skin breakdown around the mouth
  • Infection from the skin breakdown
  • Dehydration or not enough fluids
  • Foul odor
445,000 children under the age of 18 are estimated to suffer from pediatric sialorrhea in the United States3,4

Impact on Daily Living6-11

Social5-8
  • Embarrassment
  • Social isolation
  • Stigmatization
Medical9,10
  • Breathing problems or clogged airways
  • Skin irritation
  • Swallowing or feeding difficulties
  • Dehydration
Learn More About Chronic Sialorrhea in Adults >
Does this seem familiar?

Emma and Jacob* are children with chronic sialorrhea >

*Images and fictionalized stories are for illustration purposes only. Not actual patients.

Learn More About XEOMIN for Adults >

Find a Doctor >

References

  1. Hockstein NG, Samadi DS, Gendron K, Handler SD. Sialorrhea: a management challenge. Am Fam Physician. 2004;69(11):2628-2634. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/0601/p2628.html. Accessed June 18, 2021.
  2. XEOMIN® [Package insert]. Raleigh, NC: Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC; 2023.
  3. Fairhurst CB, Cockerill H. Management of drooling in children. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed.  2011;96(1):25-30. doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.129478.
  4. Lakraj AA, Moghimi N, Jabbari B. Sialorrhea: anatomy, pathophysiology and treatment with emphasis on the role of botulinum toxins. Toxins (Basel). 2013;5(5):1010-1031. doi: 10.3390/toxins5051010.
  5. American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine. Care pathways: Sialorrhea in cerebral palsy. Updated June 4, 2018. Accessed June 18, 2021. https://www.aacpdm.org/publications/care-pathways/sialorrhea.
  6. Kalf JG, Smit AM, Bloem BR, Zwarts MJ, Munneke M. Impact of drooling in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol. 2007;254(9):1227-1232. doi: 10.1007/s00415-007-0508-9.
  7. Ou R, Guo X, Wei Q, et al. Prevalence and clinical correlates of drooling in Parkinson disease: a study on 518 Chinese patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015;21(3):211-215. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.12.004.
  8. Banfi P, Ticozzi N, Lax A, Guidugli GA, Nicolini A. A review of options for treating sialorrhea in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Respir Care. 2015;60(3):446-454. doi: 10.4187/respcare.02856.
  9. Leibner J, Ramjit A, Sedig L, et al. The impact of and the factors associated with drooling in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010;16(7):475-477. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.12.003.
  10. Schririnzi T, Imbriani P, D’Elia A, Di Lazzaro G, Mercuri NB, Pisani A. Rotigotine may control drooling in patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Preliminary findings. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2017;156:63-65. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.03.012.
  11. El-Hakim H, Richards S, Thevasagayam MS. Major salivary duct clipping for control problems in developmentally challenged children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(5):470-474. doi: 10.1001/archotol.134.5.470.
  12. Damian A, Adler CH, Hentz JG, et al. Autonomic function, as self-reported on the SCOPA-autonomic questionnaire, is normal in essential tremor but not in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18(10):1089-1093. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.06.008.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION INCLUDING BOXED WARNING
WARNING:
DISTANT SPREAD OF TOXIN EFFECT

See full prescribing information for complete BOXED WARNING.

The effects of XEOMIN and all botulinum toxin products may spread from the area of injection to produce symptoms consistent with botulinum toxin effects. These symptoms have been reported hours to weeks after injection. Swallowing and breathing difficulties can be life threatening and there have been reports of death. The risk of symptoms is probably greatest in children treated for spasticity but symptoms can also occur in adults, particularly in those patients who have underlying conditions that would predispose them to these symptoms.

INDICATIONS

XEOMIN® (incobotulinumtoxinA) for injection is indicated for the treatment of:

  • Chronic sialorrhea in patients 2 years of age and older
  • Upper limb spasticity in adults
  • Upper limb spasticity in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older, excluding spasticity caused by cerebral palsy
  • Cervical dystonia in adults
  • Blepharospasm in adults
CONTRAINDICATIONS
  • Known hypersensitivity to any botulinum toxin product or to any of the components in the formulation.
  • Infection at the proposed injection site(s) because it could lead to severe local or disseminated infection.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
  • The potency units of XEOMIN are specific to the preparation and assay method used and are not interchangeable with other preparations of botulinum toxin products. Therefore, Units of biological activity of XEOMIN cannot be compared to or converted into Units of any other botulinum toxin products.
  • Serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported with botulinum toxin products (anaphylaxis, serum sickness, urticaria, soft tissue edema, and dyspnea). If serious and/or immediate hypersensitivity reactions occur, discontinue further injection of XEOMIN and institute appropriate medical therapy immediately. The use of XEOMIN in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any botulinum neurotoxin or to any of the excipients (human albumin, sucrose), could lead to a life-threatening allergic reaction.
  • Treatment with XEOMIN and other botulinum toxin products can result in swallowing or breathing difficulties. Patients with pre-existing swallowing or breathing difficulties may be more susceptible to these complications. When distant effects occur, additional respiratory muscles may be involved. Patients may require immediate medical attention should they develop problems with swallowing, speech, or respiratory disorders. Dysphagia may persist for several months, which may require use of a feeding tube. Aspiration may result from severe dysphagia [See BOXED WARNING].
  • Individuals with peripheral motor neuropathic diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or neuromuscular junctional disorders (e.g., myasthenia gravis or Lambert-Eaton syndrome) may be at increased risk for severe dysphagia and respiratory compromise from typical doses of XEOMIN.
  • Caution should be taken when XEOMIN is used where the targeted muscle shows excessive weakness or atrophy.
  • Cervical Dystonia: Treatment with botulinum toxins may weaken neck muscles that serve as accessory muscles of ventilation. This may result in critical loss of breathing capacity in patients with respiratory disorders who may have become dependent upon these accessory muscles. There have been post- marketing reports of serious breathing difficulties, including respiratory failure, in patients with cervical dystonia treated with botulinum toxin products. Patients with smaller neck muscle mass and patients who require bilateral injections into the sternocleidomastoid muscles are at greater risk of dysphagia. Limiting the dose injected into the sternocleidomastoid muscle may decrease the occurrence of dysphagia.
  • Blepharospasm: Injection of XEOMIN into the orbicularis oculi muscle may lead to reduced blinking and corneal exposure with possible ulceration or perforation. To decrease the risk for ectropion, XEOMIN should not be injected into the medial lower eyelid area.
  • XEOMIN contains human serum albumin. Based on effective donor screening and product manufacturing processes, it carries an extremely remote risk for transmission of viral diseases and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). There is a theoretical risk for transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), but if that risk actually exists, the risk of transmission would also be considered extremely remote. No cases of transmission of viral diseases, CJD, or vCJD have ever been reported for albumin.
ADVERSE REACTIONS

The most commonly observed adverse reactions at rates specified below and greater than placebo are:

  • Chronic Sialorrhea:
    • in adults (≥4% of patients): tooth extraction, dry mouth, diarrhea, and hypertension.
    • in pediatric patients (≥1% of patients): bronchitis, headache, and nausea/vomiting.
  • Upper Limb Spasticity
    • in adults (≥2% of patients): seizure, nasopharyngitis, dry mouth, and upper respiratory tract infection.
    • in pediatric patients (≥3% of patients): nasopharyngitis and bronchitis.
  • Cervical Dystonia in adults (≥5% of patients): dysphagia, neck pain, muscle weakness, injection site pain, and musculoskeletal pain.
  • Blepharospasm in adults (≥10% of patients): eyelid ptosis, dry eye, visual impairment, and dry mouth.
DRUG INTERACTIONS

Co-administration of XEOMIN and aminoglycoside or other agents interfering with neuromuscular transmission, (e.g., muscle relaxants), should only be performed with caution as these agents may potentiate the effect of the toxin.

Use of anticholinergic drugs after administration of XEOMIN may potentiate systemic anticholinergic effects.

The effect of administering different botulinum toxin products at the same time or within several months of each other is unknown. Excessive neuromuscular weakness may be exacerbated by administration of another botulinum toxin prior to the resolution of the effects of a previously administered botulinum toxin.

USE IN PREGNANCY

There are no adequate data on the developmental risk associated with the use of XEOMIN in pregnant women. XEOMIN should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

PEDIATRIC USE

Safety and effectiveness of XEOMIN in patients less than 18 years of age have not been established for lower limb spasticity, cervical dystonia, or blepharospasm. Safety and effectiveness have been established in pediatric patients 2 to 17 years of age in patients with chronic sialorrhea and upper limb spasticity. A pediatric assessment for XEOMIN in upper limb spasticity demonstrates that XEOMIN is safe and effective in another pediatric population. However, XEOMIN is not approved for such patient population due to marketing exclusivity for another botulinum toxin.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION INCLUDING BOXED WARNING
WARNING:
DISTANT SPREAD OF TOXIN EFFECT

See full prescribing information for complete BOXED WARNING.

The effects of XEOMIN and all botulinum toxin products may spread from the area of injection to produce symptoms consistent with botulinum toxin effects. These symptoms have been reported hours to weeks after injection. Swallowing and breathing difficulties can be life threatening and there have been reports of death. The risk of symptoms is probably greatest in children treated for spasticity but symptoms can also occur in adults, particularly in those patients who have underlying conditions that would predispose them to these symptoms.

INDICATIONS

XEOMIN® (incobotulinumtoxinA) for injection is indicated for the treatment of:

  • Chronic sialorrhea in patients 2 years of age and older
  • Upper limb spasticity in adults
  • Upper limb spasticity in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older, excluding spasticity caused by cerebral palsy
  • Cervical dystonia in adults
  • Blepharospasm in adults
CONTRAINDICATIONS
  • Known hypersensitivity to any botulinum toxin product or to any of the components in the formulation.
  • Infection at the proposed injection site(s) because it could lead to severe local or disseminated infection.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
  • The potency units of XEOMIN are specific to the preparation and assay method used and are not interchangeable with other preparations of botulinum toxin products. Therefore, Units of biological activity of XEOMIN cannot be compared to or converted into Units of any other botulinum toxin products.
  • Serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported with botulinum toxin products (anaphylaxis, serum sickness, urticaria, soft tissue edema, and dyspnea). If serious and/or immediate hypersensitivity reactions occur, discontinue further injection of XEOMIN and institute appropriate medical therapy immediately. The use of XEOMIN in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any botulinum neurotoxin or to any of the excipients (human albumin, sucrose), could lead to a life-threatening allergic reaction.
  • Treatment with XEOMIN and other botulinum toxin products can result in swallowing or breathing difficulties. Patients with pre-existing swallowing or breathing difficulties may be more susceptible to these complications. When distant effects occur, additional respiratory muscles may be involved. Patients may require immediate medical attention should they develop problems with swallowing, speech, or respiratory disorders. Dysphagia may persist for several months, which may require use of a feeding tube. Aspiration may result from severe dysphagia [See BOXED WARNING].
  • Individuals with peripheral motor neuropathic diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or neuromuscular junctional disorders (e.g., myasthenia gravis or Lambert-Eaton syndrome) may be at increased risk for severe dysphagia and respiratory compromise from typical doses of XEOMIN.
  • Caution should be taken when XEOMIN is used where the targeted muscle shows excessive weakness or atrophy.
  • Cervical Dystonia: Treatment with botulinum toxins may weaken neck muscles that serve as accessory muscles of ventilation. This may result in critical loss of breathing capacity in patients with respiratory disorders who may have become dependent upon these accessory muscles. There have been post- marketing reports of serious breathing difficulties, including respiratory failure, in patients with cervical dystonia treated with botulinum toxin products. Patients with smaller neck muscle mass and patients who require bilateral injections into the sternocleidomastoid muscles are at greater risk of dysphagia. Limiting the dose injected into the sternocleidomastoid muscle may decrease the occurrence of dysphagia.
  • Blepharospasm: Injection of XEOMIN into the orbicularis oculi muscle may lead to reduced blinking and corneal exposure with possible ulceration or perforation. To decrease the risk for ectropion, XEOMIN should not be injected into the medial lower eyelid area.
  • XEOMIN contains human serum albumin. Based on effective donor screening and product manufacturing processes, it carries an extremely remote risk for transmission of viral diseases and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). There is a theoretical risk for transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), but if that risk actually exists, the risk of transmission would also be considered extremely remote. No cases of transmission of viral diseases, CJD, or vCJD have ever been reported for albumin.
ADVERSE REACTIONS

The most commonly observed adverse reactions at rates specified below and greater than placebo are:

  • Chronic Sialorrhea:
    • in adults (≥4% of patients): tooth extraction, dry mouth, diarrhea, and hypertension.
    • in pediatric patients (≥1% of patients): bronchitis, headache, and nausea/vomiting.
  • Upper Limb Spasticity
    • in adults (≥2% of patients): seizure, nasopharyngitis, dry mouth, and upper respiratory tract infection.
    • in pediatric patients (≥3% of patients): nasopharyngitis and bronchitis.
  • Cervical Dystonia in adults (≥5% of patients): dysphagia, neck pain, muscle weakness, injection site pain, and musculoskeletal pain.
  • Blepharospasm in adults (≥10% of patients): eyelid ptosis, dry eye, visual impairment, and dry mouth.
DRUG INTERACTIONS

Co-administration of XEOMIN and aminoglycoside or other agents interfering with neuromuscular transmission, (e.g., muscle relaxants), should only be performed with caution as these agents may potentiate the effect of the toxin.

Use of anticholinergic drugs after administration of XEOMIN may potentiate systemic anticholinergic effects.

The effect of administering different botulinum toxin products at the same time or within several months of each other is unknown. Excessive neuromuscular weakness may be exacerbated by administration of another botulinum toxin prior to the resolution of the effects of a previously administered botulinum toxin.

USE IN PREGNANCY

There are no adequate data on the developmental risk associated with the use of XEOMIN in pregnant women. XEOMIN should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

PEDIATRIC USE

Safety and effectiveness of XEOMIN in patients less than 18 years of age have not been established for lower limb spasticity, cervical dystonia, or blepharospasm. Safety and effectiveness have been established in pediatric patients 2 to 17 years of age in patients with chronic sialorrhea and upper limb spasticity. A pediatric assessment for XEOMIN in upper limb spasticity demonstrates that XEOMIN is safe and effective in another pediatric population. However, XEOMIN is not approved for such patient population due to marketing exclusivity for another botulinum toxin.